Remedy Provings - Revision history

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 This page has been written by a homoeopath, mainly for homoeopaths, so it reflects the homoeopathic perspective on provings. It also gives a good explanation for the non-homoeopathic reader.
 <div style="float:right; margin-left:2em">__TOC__</div>
 == From a Homoeopath’s Point of View ==
@@ Line 29: / Line 28: @@
 The 27 homoeopathic provings we have done to date have been scientific experiments, shamanic journeys, inner alchemy, lessons in editing and a basis for clinical therapeutics all rolled into one. They have maintained and developed a tradition that is central to the profession of homoeopathy.
 <blockquote>
-<blockquote> “And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts.
+“And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts. Proving is a most wonderful thing, the world has never known its like. We suffer, and we enjoy it; we sacrifice a little of our comfort, and gain abilities and power by it; we lose a part of a few days, and gain years of strength by it; we go to school to learn, and we increase the certainty of the healing art. At the same time, to prove drugs is of all other ways the very best, the nearest and the easiest to learn to master our Materia Medica. It is the way to learn; to observe the art of arts, the principal one on which all others are based.” ''Constantine Hering''
 </blockquote>
 === The Necessity for New Provings ===
@@ Line 76: / Line 73: @@
   The organism of the prover becomes, by these frequent attacks on his health, all the more expert in repelling all external influences inimical to his frame and all artificial and natural morbific noxious agents, and becomes more hardened to resist everything of an injurious character, . . .  by means of these moderate experiments on his own person with medicines. His health becomes more unalterable; he becomes more robust, as all experience shows. (Hahnemann Organon Footnote to § 141)
 == Types of Provings ==
 <ref name="„jeremy“" />
@@ Line 233: / Line 228: @@
 == Stages of a Proving ==
 <ref name="„jeremy“" />
@@ Line 330: / Line 324: @@
 === Database of Provings ===
-During the two centuries of conducting homeopathic provings, there have been several attempts to collect all the provings as references. [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/AllenEncycl.pdf Allen’s Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica] is an outstanding example, as are the books of [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/Bradford.pdf Bradford] and others. Today the [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html '''online database Provings.info'''] has nearly reached completeness, covering direct links to or literature references of all homoeopathic provings published since Hahnemann.
+During the two centuries of conducting homeopathic provings, there have been several attempts to collect all the provings as references. [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/AllenEncycl.pdf Allen’s Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica] is an outstanding example, as are the books of [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/Bradford.pdf Bradford] and others. </br>Today the [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html '''online database Provings.info'''] has nearly reached completeness, covering direct links to or literature references of all homoeopathic provings published since Hahnemann, with more than 6000 entries related to 2400 proved remedies.
 == Literature: ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homoeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]]. The founder of [[Homeopathy|homoeopathy]], [[Samuel_Hahnemann|Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.
 This page has been written by a homoeopath, mainly for homoeopaths, so it reflects the homoeopathic perspective on provings. It also gives a good explanation for the non-homoeopathic reader.
 <div style="float:right; margin-left:2em">__TOC__</div>
 == From a Homoeopath’s Point of View ==
-<ref name="„jeremy“">The following text was written as an article by Jeremy Sherr and edited and adapted for a Wiki by Jörg Wichmann.</ref>Provings are a vast subject that every serious homoeopath must study in detail. Some homoeopaths may feel that understanding provings is irrelevant to them, but my experience is that participating in a proving, be it as prover, supervisor, editor or master prover, is an essential part of homoeopathic education. I have consistently observed a quantum leap in homoeopaths who have participated in a proving.<br/> Provings are the basis of homoeopathy. We are fortunate to have inherited wonderful provings from our homoeopathic forefathers, provings which are our daily remedies. It is our duty to continue this process. At the same time, provings offer us a unique opportunity to learn the deepest aspects of homoeopathy, nature and ourselves.
+<ref name="„jeremy“">The following text was written as an article by Jeremy Sherr and edited and adapted for a Wiki by himself, Tina Quirk and Jörg Wichmann.</ref>Provings are a vast subject that every serious homoeopath must study in detail. Some homoeopaths may feel that understanding provings is irrelevant to them, but my experience is that participating in a proving, be it as prover, supervisor, editor or master prover, is an essential part of homoeopathic education. I have consistently observed a quantum leap in homoeopaths who have participated in a proving.<br/> Provings are the basis of homoeopathy. We are fortunate to have inherited wonderful provings from our homoeopathic forefathers, provings which are our daily remedies. It is our duty to continue this process. At the same time, provings offer us a unique opportunity to learn the deepest aspects of homoeopathy, nature and ourselves.
 == What are Homoeopathic Provings ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 30: @@
 The 27 homoeopathic provings we have done to date have been scientific experiments, shamanic journeys, inner alchemy, lessons in editing and a basis for clinical therapeutics all rolled into one. They have maintained and developed a tradition that is central to the profession of homoeopathy.
- “And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts.
+<blockquote> “And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts.
-Proving is a most wonderful thing, the world has never known its like. We suffer, and we enjoy it; we sacrifice a little of our comfort, and gain abilities and power by it; we lose a part of a few days, and gain years of strength by it; we go to school to learn, and we increase the certainty of the healing art. At the same time, to prove drugs is of all other ways the very best, the nearest and the easiest to learn to master our Materia Medica. It is the way to learn; to observe the art of arts, the principal one on which all others are based.” Constantine Hering
+ Proving is a most wonderful thing, the world has never known its like. We suffer, and we enjoy it; we sacrifice a little of our comfort, and gain abilities and power by it; we lose a part of a few days, and gain years of strength by it; we go to school to learn, and we increase the certainty of the healing art. At the same time, to prove drugs is of all other ways the very best, the nearest and the easiest to learn to master our Materia Medica. It is the way to learn; to observe the art of arts, the principal one on which all others are based.”      ''Constantine Hering''</blockquote>
 === The Necessity for New Provings ===

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 == Personal Experiences of Jeremy Sherr with Provings ==
-<ref name="„jeremy“" />Lao Tzu states in the ‘Tao Te Ching’ that the best journeys are made without ever leaving home. I have traveled to many countries, but my most memorable voyages and greatest insights have been through remedy provings. In the last twenty years I have organized 27 provings and have participated in 18. I have found that my health has been enhanced by the provings and not damaged in any way. The personal and collective journeys into these provings have enriched my own and my provers’ lives on many levels. The gentle lessons of the provings have caused us to become more dynamic and more robust. Naturally there have been occasional difficulties, but the benefits have far outweighed the inconvenience.
+<ref name="„jeremy“" />Lao Tzu states in the ‘Tao Te Ching’ that the best journeys are made without ever leaving home. I have traveled to many countries, but my most memorable voyages and greatest insights have been through remedy provings. In the last twenty years I have organized 38 provings and have participated in 18. I have found that my health has been enhanced by the provings and not damaged in any way. The personal and collective journeys into these provings have enriched my own and my provers’ lives on many levels. The gentle lessons of the provings have caused us to become more dynamic and more robust. Naturally there have been occasional difficulties, but the benefits have far outweighed the inconvenience.
 Through our provings, my fellow provers and I have experienced the sting of a scorpion, the cold riches of sapphire, the opulence of jade, the cycle of salmon, the monotony of rape seed, the flight of an eagle, the enlightenment of hydrogen, the gentleness of deer, the hardness of diamond, the nurturing of olive and the rigidity of germanium. We have explored these and many other secrets from nature’s treasure chest by entering into nature herself, by diving into her substances and shape-shifting our beings into her mold.
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 === Dream/Meditation and Trituration Provings ===
-Other homoeopaths conduct dream provings or meditation provings, often not actually taking the remedy but just holding it. Dreams, images and sensations are noted. Another method is for the group to prepare a remedy by extensive trituration while paying attention to the symptoms that arise during the process. While the symptoms from such provings are unreliable and should not be incorporated into the materia medica and repertory, I would encourage anyone to experiment. You may be surprised by what you discover.
+Other homoeopaths conduct dream provings or meditation provings, often not actually taking the remedy but just holding it. Dreams, images and sensations are noted. Another method is for the group to prepare a remedy by extensive trituration while paying attention to the symptoms that arise during the process. While the symptoms from such provings are interesting and may be confirmative, they should not be incorporated into the materia medica and repertory. I would encourage anyone to experiment. You may be surprised by what you discover.
 While the advantage of these fast track seminar, dream and meditation provings is a short cut to an inner essence, they miss many of the physical, general and long-term symptoms that constitute the whole proving. These details may seem dull in comparison to essences and dreams, but they are a necessary part of the remedy’s totality.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]]. The founder of [[Homeopathy|homeopathy]], [[Samuel_Hahnemann|Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.
+'''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homoeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]]. The founder of [[Homeopathy|homoeopathy]], [[Samuel_Hahnemann|Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.
 This page has been written by a homoeopath, mainly for homoeopaths, so it reflects the homoeopathic perspective on provings. It also gives a good explanation for the non-homoeopathic reader.
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 &nbsp;
 <div style="float:right;  margin-left:2em">__TOC__</div>
-fckLR
+&nbsp;
-=== From a homoeopath’s point of view ===
+== From a Homoeopath’s Point of View ==
 <ref name="„jeremy“">The following text was written as an article by Jeremy Sherr and edited and adapted for a Wiki by Jörg Wichmann.</ref>Provings are a vast subject that every serious homoeopath must study in detail. Some homoeopaths may feel that understanding provings is irrelevant to them, but my experience is that participating in a proving, be it as prover, supervisor, editor or master prover, is an essential part of homoeopathic education. I have consistently observed a quantum leap in homoeopaths who have participated in a proving.<br/> Provings are the basis of homoeopathy. We are fortunate to have inherited wonderful provings from our homoeopathic forefathers, provings which are our daily remedies. It is our duty to continue this process. At the same time, provings offer us a unique opportunity to learn the deepest aspects of homoeopathy, nature and ourselves.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Beyond the scientific evaluation of medicinal effects offered by homoeopathic provings, they provide a method for the homoeopath to explore and confirm his healing system, a tool for the physician to experience her remedies and a means by which the healthy may cure the sick. In addition provings are the most fascinating journey into nature’s inner world, into our own deepest nature and are central to our personal development. Provings are a most wonderful gift to the sick, to the healer, and to the explorer of real knowledge.
-== Personal experiences of Jeremy Sherr with provings ==
+== Personal Experiences of Jeremy Sherr with Provings ==
 <ref name="„jeremy“" />Lao Tzu states in the ‘Tao Te Ching’ that the best journeys are made without ever leaving home. I have traveled to many countries, but my most memorable voyages and greatest insights have been through remedy provings. In the last twenty years I have organized 27 provings and have participated in 18. I have found that my health has been enhanced by the provings and not damaged in any way. The personal and collective journeys into these provings have enriched my own and my provers’ lives on many levels. The gentle lessons of the provings have caused us to become more dynamic and more robust. Naturally there have been occasional difficulties, but the benefits have far outweighed the inconvenience.
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 === Full Hahnemannian ===
-There are many levels of proving methodology from full Hahnemanian to informal. The full Hahnemannian, is a highly organised, accurate and thorough proving undertaken by a large number of people over a considerable period of time, the purpose of which is to fully unfold the totality of a new remedy, including physical, mental and emotional symptoms. The results are incorporated into the materia medica and repertories, making the information available for homoeopathic posterity. A project such as this must naturally be undertaken with extreme care, thoroughness and appropriate attention to objectivity and protection from bias.
+There are many levels of proving methodology from full Hahnemannian to informal. The full Hahnemannian, is a highly organised, accurate and thorough proving undertaken by a large number of people over a considerable period of time, the purpose of which is to fully unfold the totality of a new remedy, including physical, mental and emotional symptoms. The results are incorporated into the materia medica and repertories, making the information available for homoeopathic posterity. A project such as this must naturally be undertaken with extreme care, thoroughness and appropriate attention to objectivity and protection from bias.
 Features: Highly organized, Precise, Thorough, Large number of screened provers, New or existing remedy, Defined time span, Supervised, Intention to record and publish totality of symptoms, Slow and difficult process
@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 Many homoeopaths begin provings with much good will, but fail to complete them. The most common problems are provers’ fatigue, poor supervision, and lack of tenacity of editors and coordinators. One should understand that while the proving itself takes two to three months, editing and collating a proving is a painstaking and lengthy undertaking. Consequently, only a small percent of provings begun are published, though this has improved with internet publications (For a list of modern provings and publications see www.dynamis.edu).
 === The Roles in a Proving: ===
@@ Line 184: / Line 182: @@
 The prover should be in a reasonable state of dynamic health, meaning she should be able to “bounce back” from negative situations and recuperate quickly and completely from the symptoms caused by the proving. When the prover possesses adaptability or flexibility, she can react to the proving and later return to her natural state. One should not do a proving on persons who have pathology, serious obstacles to cure, difficult mental and emotional states&nbsp; or low vitality, because they lack the dynamic force to recover. Likewise provings on people taking drugs of any kind are not recommended since the drugs may be imposing their own medicinal symptoms on the individual, as well as being a greater health risk. I believe that children, pregnant women and animals should not prove remedies.
-== The proving process ==
+== The Proving Process ==
-=== Choosing and preparing the remedy ===
+=== Choosing and Preparing the Remedy ===
-The choice of remedy is personal. Any substance, natural or artificial, may be used, as long as the same source is used in conjunction with this proving forever after. The master prover may choose a substance according to medical potential, personal interest, toxicological or chemical properties, fields of investigation, omens or dreams. If the proving is to be triple-blind, a third party will choose the substance and the master prover will not be informed.
+The choice of proving remedy is personal. Any substance, natural or artificial, may be used, as long as the same source is used in conjunction with this proving forever after. The master prover may choose a substance according to medical potential, personal interest, toxicological or chemical properties, fields of investigation, omens or dreams. If the proving is to be triple-blind, a third party will choose the substance and the master prover will not be informed.
 It is essential to record and verify the exact details of the original substance, such as species, gender, time when gathered, location, quantity by volume or weight, percentage and volume of alcohol, age and part of specimen, etc. In the case of a nosode or sarcode precise details regarding the donor should be recorded.
@@ Line 252: / Line 250: @@
 Proving begins. Prover notifies supervisor; supervisor notifies master prover. Prover begins taking remedy, a maximum of six doses over two days. As soon as symptoms arise, no more doses are taken. Prover and supervisor are in daily contact, each keeps a full notebook. Supervisor and master prover remain in contact. As symptoms abate, contact frequency between supervisor and prover lessens to every 2, 3 and then 7 days. Once no symptoms have occurred for three to four weeks, the proving is finished. Notebooks are returned to master prover.
-'''Recording Proving Symptoms'''<br/> The prover keeps careful notes regarding all symptoms, modalities, times and concomitants, using their natural language. They ask for comments and observations from friends and family. Each symptom is written on a new line, leaving space for remarks. Each day a new page is started, marking the day and date clearly. The time should only be included within the symptom text if it is definitely significant. Accidents and coincidences should be noted.
+Recording Proving Symptoms<br/> The prover keeps careful notes regarding all symptoms, modalities, times and concomitants, using their natural language. They ask for comments and observations from friends and family. Each symptom is written on a new line, leaving space for remarks. Each day a new page is started, marking the day and date clearly. The time should only be included within the symptom text if it is definitely significant. Accidents and coincidences should be noted.
 All symptoms should be marked as New Symptoms (NS), Old Symptoms (OS), Altered Symptoms (AS) or Cured Symptoms (CS).
-'''Group meeting'''<br/> The group meeting is an essential part of the proving. It is a demanding but wonderful experience. It should be held 6-10 weeks after the proving. Each prover tells of their experience in detail, and supervisors comment on this. During this meeting the totality of all provers experiences are woven together into a cohesive whole. Discovering the numerous ways in which a single entity expresses itself through many provers, diverse and at the same time unified, is an amazing and mind-expanding experience. The remedy picture is midwifed into the world, and we see its face and features for the first time. It is only an infant at this stage, and will require years of nursing and clinical use to mature.
+Group meeting<br/> The group meeting is an essential part of the proving. It is a demanding but wonderful experience. It should be held 6-10 weeks after the proving. Each prover tells of their experience in detail, and supervisors comment on this. During this meeting the totality of all provers experiences are woven together into a cohesive whole. Discovering the numerous ways in which a single entity expresses itself through many provers, diverse and at the same time unified, is an amazing and mind-expanding experience. The remedy picture is midwifed into the world, and we see its face and features for the first time. It is only an infant at this stage, and will require years of nursing and clinical use to mature.
 The provers’ stories may well trigger awareness of many symptoms that have gone unnoticed or were attributed to ‘life’. These symptoms can be extremely important, but supervisors and the master prover must exercise great care and discrimination when adding them. They may of course be results of suggestibility, but my experience has shown that this is by no means always the case.
@@ Line 336: / Line 334: @@
 === Database of Provings ===
-During the two centuries of conducting homeopathic provings, there have been several attempts to collect all the provings as references. [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/AllenEncycl.pdf Allen’s Encyclopedia of Pure Materia medica] is an outstanding example, as are the books of [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/Bradford.pdf Bradford] and others. Today the [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html '''online database Provings.info'''] has nearly reached completeness, covering direct links to or literature references of all homoeopathic provings published since Hahnemann.
+During the two centuries of conducting homeopathic provings, there have been several attempts to collect all the provings as references. [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/AllenEncycl.pdf Allen’s Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica] is an outstanding example, as are the books of [https://www.provings.info/pruefungen/Bradford.pdf Bradford] and others. Today the [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html '''online database Provings.info'''] has nearly reached completeness, covering direct links to or literature references of all homoeopathic provings published since Hahnemann.
 == Literature: ==
-Hahnemann, Samuel. Organon of Medicine, 6th Edition. Translated by RE Dudgeon. B Jain 1984.
+Hahnemann, Samuel. Organon of Medicine, 6th Edition. Translated by R E Dudgeon. B Jain 1984.
 Sherr, Jeremy. The Dynamics and Methodology of Homoeopathic Provings. Dynamis Books 1994.

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 The 27 homoeopathic provings we have done to date have been scientific experiments, shamanic journeys, inner alchemy, lessons in editing and a basis for clinical therapeutics all rolled into one. They have maintained and developed a tradition that is central to the profession of homoeopathy.
-“And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts.
+ “And further, while we were preparing the so-called old medicines we never forgot our position as explorers of the unknown world of results, of effects; never forgetting the ground-work of our healing art, we prepared from time to time new medicines also; we made a regular proving at least once a year, often twice and even three times a year. These provings were the high feasts in our church, and you cannot consider yourselves true members of it without joining in these feasts.
 Proving is a most wonderful thing, the world has never known its like. We suffer, and we enjoy it; we sacrifice a little of our comfort, and gain abilities and power by it; we lose a part of a few days, and gain years of strength by it; we go to school to learn, and we increase the certainty of the healing art. At the same time, to prove drugs is of all other ways the very best, the nearest and the easiest to learn to master our Materia Medica. It is the way to learn; to observe the art of arts, the principal one on which all others are based.” Constantine Hering

@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 The master prover (principle investigator) is responsible for the proving, including the safety of provers, the accuracy of supervisors, the diligence of editing and final publication. This job may be shared with a co-coordinator. The master prover oversees all the supervisors and provers, ensuring that everything is functioning properly and safely. She should keep track of the dates each individual proving begins, (which preferably should be around the same time so as to keep management simple), and also of which provers are experiencing symptoms, how many doses each took etc.
- The most demanding role of the master prover is the third stage of extraction, collation and editing of symptoms into the materia medica format. As the proving progresses, the master prover will get to know the symptoms and develop a feel of the remedy, which will aid in the difficult process of choosing reliable symptoms and contribute to the ‘As If One Person’ effect.
+The most demanding role of the master prover is the third stage of extraction, collation and editing of symptoms into the materia medica format. As the proving progresses, the master prover will get to know the symptoms and develop a feel of the remedy, which will aid in the difficult process of choosing reliable symptoms and contribute to the ‘As If One Person’ effect.
 ====Supervisor   ====
@@ Line 341: / Line 341: @@
 Sherr, Jeremy: The Dynamics and Methodology of Homeopathic Provings. Malvern 1994, Dynamis Books
-Wichmann, Jörg. [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html Online Datenbank Provings.info]
+Wichmann, Jörg. [https://www.provings.info/en/index.html Online Database Provings.info]
 ==References:==
 <references />

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]].  The founder of [[homeopathy]], [[Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.</br>
-This page has been written by a homeopaths and mainly for homeopaths, so it reflects the homeopathic perspective on provings and therefore also gives a good impression for the non-homeopathic reader what it is about.
+This page has been written by a homeopath and mainly for homeopaths, so it reflects the homeopathic perspective on provings and therefore also gives a good impression for the non-homeopathic reader what it is about.
 <onlyinclude><div style="float:right; margin-left:2em;">__TOC__</div></onlyinclude>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]].  The founder of [[homeopathy]], [[Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.
+'''Homoeopathic provings''' are the foundation of the [[Homeopathy|homeopathic]] knowledge and [[Materia_medica|materia medica]].  The founder of [[homeopathy]], [[Samuel Hahnemann]], saw it as essential for [[Homeopathy|homoeopaths]] to understand proving philosophy and methodology and to participate in them.</br>
 ===From a homeopath’s point of view===
@@ Line 6: / Line 8: @@
 ==What are Homoeopathic Provings==
-<ref name=„jeremy“ />The basic principle of homoeopathy is like cures like; what a medicinal substance can cause it can also cure. In order to ascertain what a medicine can cause we have to administer it to relatively healthy people. This experiment is called a homoeopathic proving (from the German ‘preufing, meaning experiment). During the proving all effects of the remedy, physical, mental and emotional are recorded in detail. Once the experiment is over, all the symptoms experienced by each volunteer are gathered into a collective record, which forms the basis of the material medica for this remedy. This collective totality of symptoms is used as a guide for homoeopathic prescriptions. At later stages the picture is consolidated through clinical experience, and synthesised into a more concise materia medica.
+<ref name=„jeremy“ />The basic principle of homoeopathy is like cures like; what a medicinal substance can cause it can also cure. In order to ascertain what a medicine can cause we have to administer it to relatively healthy people. This experiment is called a homoeopathic proving (from the old-german “''preufing''”, meaning experiment). During the proving all effects of the remedy, physical, mental and emotional are recorded in detail. Once the experiment is over, all the symptoms experienced by each volunteer are gathered into a collective record, which forms the basis of the material medica for this remedy. This collective totality of symptoms is used as a guide for homoeopathic prescriptions. At later stages the picture is consolidated through clinical experience, and synthesised into a more concise materia medica.
 Homoeopathic provings are a scientific approach to medicine based on a positive premise, i.e. causing symptoms in a healthy person to determine the real medicinal action of a substance. Homoeopathic remedy indications derived from these provings have remained effective and unchanged for the last 200 years. The complete set of proving symptoms represents the entire range of curative action, as opposed to diagnostic or local categories which address only a part of the underlying disorder.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ===From a homeopath’s point of view===
-<ref name="jeremy">The following text was written as an article by Jeremy Sherr and edited and adapted for a Wiki by Jörg Wichmann.</ref>Provings are a vast subject which every serious homoeopath must study in detail. Some homoeopaths may feel that understanding provings is irrelevant to them, but my experience is that participating in a proving, be it as prover, supervisor, editor or master prover, is an essential part of homoeopathic education. I have consistently observed a quantum leap in homoeopaths who have participated in a  proving.</br>
+<ref name=„jeremy“>The following text was written as an article by Jeremy Sherr and edited and adapted for a Wiki by Jörg Wichmann.</ref>Provings are a vast subject which every serious homoeopath must study in detail. Some homoeopaths may feel that understanding provings is irrelevant to them, but my experience is that participating in a proving, be it as prover, supervisor, editor or master prover, is an essential part of homoeopathic education. I have consistently observed a quantum leap in homoeopaths who have participated in a  proving.</br>
 Provings are the basis of homoeopathy. We are fortunate to have inherited wonderful provings from our homoeopathic forefathers, provings which are our daily remedies. It is our duty to continue this process. At the same time provings offer us a unique opportunity to learn the deepest aspects of homoeopathy, nature and ourselves.