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Admin: Created page with " {{Wikipedia|Osteopathy|Osteopathy|19.9.18}} '''Osteopathy''' is an approach to health care that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. In m..."

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Created page with " {{Wikipedia|Osteopathy|Osteopathy|19.9.18}} '''Osteopathy''' is an approach to health care that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. In m..."

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 {{Wikipedia|Osteopathy|Osteopathy|19.9.18}}
-'''Osteopathy''' is an approach to health care that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. In most countries osteopathy is a form of complementary medicine, emphasizing a holistic approach and the skilled use of a range of manual and physical treatment interventions (osteopathic manipulative medicine, or OMM in the United States) in the prevention and treatment of disease. In practice, this most commonly relates to musculoskeletal problems such as back and neck pain. Many osteopaths see their role as facilitating the body's own recuperative powers by treating musculoskeletal or somatic dysfunction. According to the American Osteopathic Association, the difference between an osteopath and an osteopathic physician is often confused. In the United States, Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.s) are fully licensed medical physicians and surgeons, practicing in all clinical specialties along with their M.D. colleagues. Just like M.D.s, D.O.s practice the full scope of medicine.
+'''Osteopathy''' is an approach to health care that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. Its name derives from Ancient Greek "bone" (ὀστέον) and "sensitive to" or "responding to" (-πάθεια).<br/>
 The government policy and legal framework in which practitioners operate vary greatly from country to country, with some having both non-physician "osteopaths" and medically trained "osteopathic physicians".
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 == History ==
-{{See also|Osteopathic medicine in the United States#History|l1=Osteopathic medicine in the United States: History}} The practice of osteopathy began in the United States in 1874. The term "osteopathy" was coined by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO. Still was a physician and surgeon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=693&REC=1|title='&#39;Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874,'&#39; Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|{{cite web |url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=759&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 |title=Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883 |publisher=Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri}}}} a Kansas state and territorial legislator,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=685&REC=2|title='&#39;Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital'&#39;, Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|publisher=Cdm.sos.mo.gov|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref> a free state leader,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=670&REC=1|title=Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|publisher=Cdm.sos.mo.gov|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref> and one of the founders of Baker University.<ref>Autobiography of A.T. Still, A.T. Still, Kirksville, Missouri, 1908, p. 97–8.</ref> He lived near Baldwin City, Kansas at the time of the American Civil War and it was there that he founded the practice of osteopathy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasr.net/pages/city.php?Baldwin%20City&Kansas&City_ID=KS0301001&VA=Y&Attraction_ID=KS0301001a017|title=Baldwin City, Kansas|quote=Among Free State leaders was Andrew T. Still, founder of osteopathy, whose theory of healing developed here.}}</ref>
+The practice of osteopathy began in the United States in 1874. The term "osteopathy" was coined by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO. Still was a physician and surgeon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=693&REC=1|title='&#39;Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874,'&#39; Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|{{cite web |url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=759&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 |title=Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883 |publisher=Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri}}}} a Kansas state and territorial legislator,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=685&REC=2|title='&#39;Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital'&#39;, Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|publisher=Cdm.sos.mo.gov|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref> a free state leader,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/atsu&CISOPTR=670&REC=1|title=Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri|publisher=Cdm.sos.mo.gov|accessdate=13 November 2011}}</ref> and one of the founders of Baker University.<ref>Autobiography of A.T. Still, A.T. Still, Kirksville, Missouri, 1908, p. 97–8.</ref> He lived near Baldwin City, Kansas at the time of the American Civil War and it was there that he founded the practice of osteopathy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasr.net/pages/city.php?Baldwin%20City&Kansas&City_ID=KS0301001&VA=Y&Attraction_ID=KS0301001a017|title=Baldwin City, Kansas|quote=Among Free State leaders was Andrew T. Still, founder of osteopathy, whose theory of healing developed here.}}</ref>
 Andrew Still held a view common to early 19th century proponents of [[Alternative_medicine|alternative medicine]], supporting the idea that the body's natural state tends toward health and inherently contains the capacity to battle any harmful threats to health in the body.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4899-3067-5_1|title=Osteopathic Athletic Health Care|last=McKone|first=W. Llewellyn|date=1997-01-01|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-0-412-59090-0|pages=1–9|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-3067-5_1|chapter=History of osteopathy}}</ref> This view was opposed to that of the orthodox practitioner, which held that intervention by the physician was necessary to restore health in the patient. The division between irregular medicine, also known as unorthodox medicine, and regular medicine that resulted because of these differing views was a major conflict for decades before Still established the basis for osteopathy.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America|last=Whorton|first=James C.|publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-514071-2|location=New York|pages=8}}</ref> The foundations of this divergence may be traced back to the mid-18th century when specificity in physiology became the central study that pointed to the cause and nature of disease. Diseases began to be localized to organs and tissues, and doctors began shifting their focus from the patient to the internal state of the body, resulting in an issue labeled as the problem of the "vanishing patient".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America|last=Whorton|first=James C.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-514071-2|location=New York|pages=15}}</ref> A stronger movement towards experimental and scientific medicine was then developed. In the perspective of the unorthodox physicians, the sympathy and holism that was integral to medicine in the past were left behind. Heroic medicine became the convention for treating patients, with aggressive practices like bloodletting and prescribing chemicals such as mercury, becoming the forefront in therapeutics.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America|last=Whorton|first=James C|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-514071-2|location=New York|pages=4}}</ref> Alternative medicine had its beginnings in the early 19th century, when gentler practices in comparison to Heroic medicine began to emerge. [[Homeopathy|Homeopaths]], Thomsonians, and hydropaths practiced unconventional forms of healing that may have had strong appeal to patients due to their more attenuated practices.<ref name=":1" /> As alternative medicine grew to include more followers, orthodox medicine continued to rebuke and seek to invalidate the "irregulars," as termed by the orthodox practitioners in Heroic medicine. As each side sought to defend its practice, a schism was presented itself in the medical marketplace, with both the irregular and regular practitioners attempting to discredit the other. The irregulars—those that are now referred to as Alternative Medicine practitioners—argued that the regulars practiced an overly mechanistic approach to treating patients, treated the symptoms of disease instead of the original causes, and were blind to the harm they were causing their patients. Regular practitioners had a similar argument, labeling unorthodox medicine as unfounded, passive, and dangerous to a disease-afflicted patient.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Natures Cures:The History of Alternative Medicine in America|last=Whorton|first=James C|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-514071-2|location=New York|pages=18}}</ref> This is the medical environment that pervaded throughout the 19th century, and this is the setting that Still entered when he began developing his idea of osteopathy.
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 === India ===
-[[Sri_Sri_University|Sri Sri University]] is the first university in India to offer M.Sc in Osteopathy programme by following the benchmarks defined by the World Health Organisation for training in Osteopathy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srisriuniversity.edu.in/program/m-sc-osteopathy|title=M.Sc - Osteopathy - Sri Sri University|website=www.srisriuniversity.edu.in}}</ref>
+Sri Sri University is the first university in India to offer M.Sc in Osteopathy programme by following the benchmarks defined by the World Health Organisation for training in Osteopathy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srisriuniversity.edu.in/program/m-sc-osteopathy|title=M.Sc - Osteopathy - Sri Sri University|website=www.srisriuniversity.edu.in}}</ref>
 == References ==
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 == Further reading ==
-*{{cite book |last=Collins |first=Martin |title=Osteopathy in Britain: The First Hundred Years |year=2005 |publisher=Martin Collins |location=London |isbn=978-1-4196-0784-4}}
+*Osteopathy in Britain: The First Hundred Years, 2005, publ. Martin Collins London 978-1-4196-0784-4
-*{{cite book |last1=DiGiovanna |first1=Eileen |author2=Schiowitz, S |author3=Dowling, DD |year=2005 |title=An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment |edition=3rd |publisher=Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-7817-4293-1}}
+* DiGiovanna, Eileen; Schiowitz, S.; Dowling, DD – An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; Philadelphia 2005; 978-0-7817-4293-1
-*{{cite book |last=Stone |first=Caroline |title=Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Practice |year=2002 |publisher=Nelson Thornes |location=Cheltenham, UK |isbn=978-0-7487-3328-6}}
+* Stone, Caroline – Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Practice; 2002; Nelson Thornes; Cheltenham, UK; 978-0-7487-3328-6
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Osteopathy - Revision history

Admin at 08:26, 19 September 2018

Admin at 08:15, 19 September 2018

Admin: Created page with " {{Wikipedia|Osteopathy|Osteopathy|19.9.18}} '''Osteopathy''' is an approach to health care that emphasizes the role of the musculoskeletal system in health and disease. In m..."